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In their 2019 article, “Are We Entering a New Era of Far-Right Terrorism?” Bruce Hoffman and Jacob Ware discussed the rising frequency of extreme right-wing terrorism. Given the surge in political violence in the last five years, we have invited them back to revisit and expand upon their original argument. Read more below. Image: Wiki Commons (Photo by Luis Alejandro Apiolaza)In your article “Are We Entering a New Era of Far-Right Terrorism?” written in 2019, you argued that far-right domestic terrorism, particularly lone-wolf far-right terrorism, has experienced a resurgence resulting in the urgent need for political disruption of far-right ideology. In the past five years, how has this trend of emerging far-right ideology evolved?Our article was published in November 2019, after a string of lone-actor, digitally enabled white supremacist terrorist attacks that struck New Zealand, the United States, and Europe that year. Most lethally, Brenton Tarrant attacked two mosques in Christchurch, New Zealand, in March, killing 51 worshippers. Follow-on attacks hit Poway, California; El Paso, Texas; Baerum, Norway; and Halle, Germany, each outburst of violence claiming lives on behalf of their white supremacist justifications. The acts of violence built on a wave of terrorism that had already visited communities including Oslo, Norway, in 2011; Charleston, South Carolina, in 2015; and Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, in 2018.This particular vein of white supremacist violence has continued throughout the 2020s. Most notably, Tarrant’s manifesto was largely plagiarized by an American white supremacist who opened fire at a supermarket in Buffalo, New York, in May 2022. Similar violence has also struck Jacksonville, Florida, and Bratislava, Slovakia. As a result, there has been a shift of focus of domestic law enforcement attention and resources in the United States away from foreign threats and to what is termed RMVE — racially motivated violent extremism.Beyond the white supremacist ideology, seditious, anti-government extremism