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Welcome to Rewind & Reconnoiter. Each week, we’ll ask one of our authors to look back at an article they’ve written for War on the Rocks in light of a current news event. Did their argument hold up? Read more below to find out.***In 2022, just after a series of explosions ripped through the Nord Stream 1 and Nord Stream 2 pipelines, Emily Holland, an assistant professor in the Russia Maritime Studies Institute at the Center for Naval Warfare Studies at the U.S. Naval War College, wrote “Permanent Rupture: The European-Russian Energy Relationship Has Ended with Nord Stream” for War on the Rocks. In it, she argued that these explosions “mark the definitive end of the gas bridge that has linked the fates of Europe and Russia since the 1960s.” Nearly two years into the Russo-Ukrainian war, and in light of new evidence linking Ukraine to the attack, we asked her to look back on her article.Read more below.Image: The Danish Armed ForcesIn your article, you write that “in the context of Russia’s continued war in Ukraine, these explosions signal a critical juncture in Euro-Russian relations and global energy flows. Indeed, they mark the definitive end of the gas bridge that has linked the fates of Europe and Russia since the 1960s.” How has the energy relationship between Europe and Russia changed in the year and a half since you wrote this article?The sabotage of Nord Stream definitely disrupted the energy bridge that linked Europe and Russia since the 1960s. Although gas continues to flow from Russia to Europe via the remaining Russian import routes (Ukraine gas transit, the TurkStream pipeline via Turkey, and Russian liquified natural gas), it does so at scant levels compared to prewar and even pre-September 2022. The 2022–23 winter season was the most challenging ever for Europe’s natural gas grid, with stubbornly