Episode Notes:

On Tuesday, Germany moved to halt certification of the Nord Stream 2 pipeline. Here to discuss what this means for the Western response to Russia’s ongoing invasion of Ukraine is Dr Katja Yafimava.

Dr. Yafimava is a senior research fellow in the Oxford Institute for Energy Studies Gas Research Programme. She is also the author of The Transit Dimension of EU Energy Security: Russian Gas Transit Across Ukraine, Belarus, and Moldova.

[ 00:49 ] Was recent decision a surprise? [ 06:37 ] U.S. and European approach [ 09:48 ] Impact on Europe