Episode Notes:

France is moving to play a larger nuclear role in Europe at a time of deepening insecurity and growing concern about U.S. staying power. Ankit speaks with Astrid Chevreuil about President Emmanuel Macron’s landmark deterrence speech, the idea of “forward deterrence,” and the strategic and political implications of France’s shift.

Image: U.S. Air Force photo by Airman 1st Class Albert Morel via Wikimedia Commons