Episode Notes:

Galen Jackson wrote "An Unlearned Lesson: The Sorry Record of Regime Change Operations in the Middle East." In this episode, Kerry and Galen walk through five historical examples of efforts to change regimes in the Middle East and North Africa. They discuss the lessons these cases offer — including an over-reliance on force to achieve political ends and the limits of removing a top leader — and the complexities of unintended consequences.

Image: Alan D. Monyelle via Wikimedia Commons