Editor’s Note: This is the second article in a series on hybrid armed actors in the Middle East. Be sure to read the introductory article. The concept for the series emerged from a Chatham House project on the same topic.  Substantial swathes of the Middle East and North Africa are under the de facto control of non-state forces and parties that act more like a state than the de jure government. More than parochial warlords, shadowy militias, or insurgent forces, these groups hold off insurgent or terrorist threats, provide services and jobs, and sometimes represent the most functional governance and authority … Continue reading Practical Challenges and Hybrid Hypocrisy: Legal and Policy Dilemmas with the Hybrid Moniker