The literature on 21st-century naval warfare has been dominated by discussions focused on technology, discussions that consistently have lauded technology, argued for its inevitability, and fretted that China might already have an edge in it. One finds technology-related debates about the Third Offset, multi-domain operations, and anti-access/area denial capabilities, not to mention the prospects for artificial intelligence, digital networking, precision-guided weapons, and drones. When the literature expresses hesitations, it does so largely out of ethical concerns and worries about the resilience of information networks. One finds examples of all the above in the work of Paul Scharre and RAND studies, … Continue reading Plus ça change: A French Approach to Naval Warfare in the 21st Century